History of the World



Prehistory- First Empires From the Beginning to - 200 A.D	The Ancient World ca. 2500 B.C. - 900 A.D.	The Middle Ages 5th - 15th century	The Early Modern Period 16th - 18th century	The Modern Era 1789 - 1914	The World Wars and Interwar Period 1914 - 1945	The Contemporary World 1945 to the present	History of Religions	History of Philosophy	Library of the History of the World

TIMELINE OF WORLD HISTORY - YEAR BY YEAR
history, religion, philosophy, art, literature, music, science, technology, daily life, language
(under construction)



			Prehistory From the Beginning to ca.4000 B.C. The Stone Age: The Beginning of Mankind It All Began in Africa Early Hominoids Territorial Expansion
			Campsites and the Use of Tools Fire and the Hunt Language and Burial of the Dead Religion and Cults The Art of Early Man The "Neolithic Revolution" The Tell Cultures






			First Empires ca. 7000 B.C. - 200 A.D. The First Great Civilizations ca. 7000 B.C. - 200 A.D.
			The Early States of Mesopotamia CA. 3OOO-539 B.C. The Old Assyrian and Middle Assyrian Kingdoms

			Ancient Egypt CA. 29OO-332 B.C.

			Egyptian religion

			The Hittites CA. 1570-CA. 650 B.C.

			Kingdoms on the Borders of the Fertile Crescent

			Syria and Palestine 3000-332 B.C.
			The Early Israelites and the Kingdoms of David and Solomon
			The Kingdoms of Judah and Israel

			*Key Ideas:* Judaism Moses The Torah and the Talmud: The Literature of Judaism Old Testament history Torah, or Pentateuch Nevi'im, or Prophets Ketuvim, or Writings Intertestamental literature
			The history of Judaism

			The Medes and the Persian Empire of the Achaemenids ca. 800-330 B.C.

			The Nomads of the Eurasian Steppes ca. 1000-200 B.C. Amazons

			*Key Ideas:* The Religions of India, China, and Japan

		,	Hinduism Buddhism Daoism Confucianism Shinto

			India from the Beginnings to the Invasion of Alexander ca. 7000-325 B.C.

			Early China up to the "Warring States" Period 5000-221 B.C. Hundred Schools of Thought







			The Ancient World ca. 2500 B.C. - 900 A.D. The Culture of the Greeks and Romans Trojan War Crete and Mycenae - The Beginnings of Greek Culture

			Greek Mythology Classical Greece from the Culture of the Polis 8TH-3RD CENTURY B.C. The Rise of Athens The Military State of Sparta The Peloponnesian War


			Intellectual Innovations in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries The Rise and Fall of a World Power 7TH-1ST CENTURY B.C. Alexander the Great The Seleucids and the Ptolemies



			Judea and Arabia before the Romans CA.1100 B.C.-136 A.D. Herod the Great Jewish–Roman War

			Kingdoms of South Arabia

			Carthage: World Power and Rival of Rome 814-44 B.C.
			Second Punic War, Hannibal

			The Etruscans: The League to the Roman Empire 7th century B.C.-1stcentury B.C.

			Rome: From the Beginnings to the End of the Republic 753-82 B.C. The Crisis in the Republic

			In Focus: The Roman Empire Early Rome The Middle Republic The Late Republic The Early Roman Empire The Late Roman Empire

			The Rule of the Generals and Imperial Rome 74 B.C.-192 A.D. Pompey, Caesar, and Crassus The Empire under Augustus and His Family The Flavians and the Adopted Emperors The Severan Dynasty The Dominate: Diocletian and the System of the Tetrarchy



			From Constantine to the Rise of Byzantium 312-867 Emperors Valentinian I and Theodosius the Great The Empire under Justinian and Heraclius


			*Key Ideas:* Christianity

			The history of Christianity Part I - PART XXX

			Armenia and Asia Minor 550 B.C.-CA 200 A.D.

			Persia under the Parthians and the Sassanians 250 B.C.-651 A.D. Manichaeism Zoroaster

			Celts, Slavs, and Germanic Tribes бТН CENTURY B.C.-7TH CENTURY A.D. Celtic Culture and Society The Legend of King Arthur

			The Culture and Society of the Ancient Germans

			The Great Migration of Peoples 375-568 A.D. Nomadic empire

			The Nomad Empires of the Eurasian Steppes 3RD CENTURY B.C.- 7TH CENTURY A.D. Attila - king of the Huns

			Ancient India 321 B.C.-500 A.D. Deogarh Vishnu Temple

			China's First Emperors of the Qin and Han Dynasties 221 B.C.-220 A.D. The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huangdi

			The First Kingdoms in North and Northeast Africa CA.1000 B.C.-8TH CENTURY A.D.







			The Middle Ages 5th - 15th century Feudalism

			The Germanic Empires 5TH CENTURY-774 Nibelungenlied

			The Kingdom of the Franks 486-843 The Empire of Charlemagne

			The Holy Roman Empire in the High and Late Middle Ages 911-1519 The Prelude to the Investiture Controversy under the Salians The Battle between the Welfs and the Hohenstaufens
			The Rise of the Habsburgs

			Switzerland 1291-1848 William Tell

			France in the High and Late Middle Ages 843-1515 The Rise of the Capetians France under the Last Capetians Saint Joan of Arc

			Burgundy and the Netherlands 6TH-15TH C

			England in the Middle Ages CA. 450-1485 The Battle of the Anglo-Saxons against the Danes and Normans Norman Rule in England Saint Thomas Becket Magna Carta Wars of the Roses


			Ireland and Scotland in the Middle Ages CA. 450-1603

			Italy in the Middle Ages CA.600-CA.1500 The Kingdom of Italy After the Carolingians The Papacy in the Middle Ages Northern Italy under the Salians and Hohenstaufens: Welfs and Ghibellines


			Spain and Portugal in the Middle Ages 8TH-15TH CENTURY

			Northern Europe 8TH-16TH CENTURY The Vikings and the Kingdom of Norway Denmark and Sweden

			Eastern Europe 10TH-15TH CENTURY The Development of the Polish State in the Middle Ages Poland and Lithuania as Major Powers in Eastern Europe Bohemia The Hussites Hungary

			Russia 9TH-16TH CENTURY Kievan Rus. The Rule of the Mongols Moscow's Rise. The Time of Troubles

			The Byzantine Empire 867-1453 Byzantine Resurrection under the Macedonian Dynasty The Latin Empire and Other Successor States. The Fall of the Byzantine Empire

			Southeast Europe 7TH-15TH CENTURY The Adriatic Coast. Greece and Romania Bulgarian Kingdoms. Serbian Kingdoms

			The Crusades 11TH-15TH CENTURY Background and Causes. The First and Second Crusades The Third and Fourth Crusades. The Last Crusades and the End of the Crusader States Templar Teutonic Order Hospitallers The Crusades in Europe and the Teutonic Knights. Persecution of the Jews in Europe

			Key Ideas: Islam

			The Spread of Islam 622-CA. 1519 Muhammad and the "Rightly Guided Caliphs" The Early Abbasids. Islam in Spain and the Maghreb The Seljuk Empire. The Ayyubids and the Mamelukes

			The Mongolian Empire and Its Successors 12TH-15TH CENTURY The Campaigns of Conquest of Genghis Khan. The Empire of Tamerlane

			India 500-1500

			China after the Han Dynasty 220-1279

			Japan CA.400-1338

			Southeast Asia 5TH-15TH CENTURY Empires of the Southeast Asian Mainland. The Island Kingdoms of Southeast Asia

			Sub-Saharan Africa 5TH-15TH CENTURY

			The Settlement and Cultures of America СА.15ТН CENTURY B.C.-15TH CENTURY A.D.







			The Early Modern Period 16th - 18th century Reformation Lutheranism Calvinism Counter-Reformation Protestantism

			In Focus: The Reformation Reformation Lutheranism Protestantism Calvinism

			The German Empire: The Reformation and Its Consequences 1517-1609

			The Thirty Years' War 1618-1648

			The Holy Roman Empire under Enlightened Absolutism 1648-1806 King Frederik II

			France: From the Wars of Religion to the Eve of the Revolution 1562-1789 Diane De Poitiers The Huguenots Marie de' Medici cycle by Peter Paul Rubens Cardinal Richelieu Louis XIV Marie Antoinette


			Mistress of the king of France Henry IV of France's wives and mistresses "Sun King" Louis XIV and his Mistresses Louis XV and his Mistresses Marquise de Pompadour

			The Rise of England 1485-CA.1800 Henry VIII and his wives

			Elizabethan Age Oliver Cromwell Whig and Tory

			The Netherlands: From the Struggle to the French Occupation 1477-1795 Funeral procession of Frederik Hendrik prince of Orange by Pieter Post and Pieter Nolpe

			The Italy of Popes and Princes СА.1450-CA.1800 The Borgias

			Renaissance Women

			Medici Family

			Spain and Portugal 1500-1800 Christopher Columbus Battle of Lepanto El Greco: The Burial of Count Orgaz The Spanish Armada Las Meninas or The Family of Philip IV The Surrender of Breda Vasco da Gama Portrait of the Royal Family


			Inquisition Heresy The Persecution of the "Witches" Bosch's Monsters Baldung's Witches Goya's Demons

			Eastern Europe and Scandinavia 1500-1800

			Russia's Rise as a Great Power 1613-1801 Peter I the Great Empress Catherine II of Russia

			The Ottoman Empire, the Great Power of the East CA.1300-1792 The Harem, Odalisques

			North Africa 16TH-18TH CENTURY

			Persia under the Safavids and Qajars CA.1450-1921

			Mogul India and the European Trading Companies 1526-CA.1800

			China under the Ming and Manchu Emperors 1368-CA.1800

			Japan from the Muromachi Period to the Tokugawa Shogunate 1338-1868

			Southeast Asia 1500-1800

			Africa 1500-1800 African Masks

			The Ancient American Empires and the Conquest by Spain and Portugal CA.1500-1800 Human sacrifice in Aztec culture Human sacrifice-Sacrifice of Isaac

			North America to the Founding of Canada and the United States 1497-1789 Declaration of Independence George Washington

			Oceania and Australia to the Arrival of the Europeans 16TH-18TH CENTURY James Cook Tahiti women







			The Modern Era 1789 - 1914 The French Revolution 1789 - 1799 Declaration of the Rights of Man - 1789 Marie Antoinette The Death of Marat The Reign of Terror


			In Focus: The French Revolution

			Napoleonic Domination 1792 - 1814 Emma, Lady Hamilton Joséphine, Empress of the French Marie-Louise, Empress of the French Napoleon Bonaparte in Art

			The Industrial Revolution Begins in Europe CA.1750 - 1848 Liberalism

			German States: The Reshaping of Austria and Prussia 1815-1871 Biedermeier style Empress Elisabeth of Austria "Sisi" Otto von Bismarck

			Imperial Germany 1871-1914

			Austria-Hungary 1867-1914 Anti-Semitism Viennese Modernism

			France 1814-1914 Nadar and Sarah Bernhardt The Dreyfus Affair

			Great Britain 1830-1914 Queen Victoria

			Victorian Era 1837-1901

			The Benelux Countries 1815-1914

			Italy from the Congress of Vienna to the Eve of World War I 1815-1914 Giuseppe Garibaldi

			Portugal and Spain 1814-1914

			Scandinavia CA.1800-1917

			European royal families House of Bonaparte House of Bourbon House of Capet House of Carolingian House of Habsburg House of Hanover House of Lancaster House of Plantagenet House of Stuart House of Tudor House of Valois House of Windsor House of York

			Russia from the Treaty of Tilsit to the Abdication of the Last Czar 1807-1917 Decembrists Anarchism Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion Beilis Affair The last Russian emperor Nicholas II Romanov Dynasty

			The Balkans 1821-1914

			The Ottoman Empire CA.18007-1914

			Egypt 1798-1914

			Persia and Afghanistan CA.1800-1914

			India CA.1800-1914 Rabindranath Tagore

			China to the Last of the Emperors CA.1840-1912

			Japan 1854-1912

			Southeast Asia UNTIL 1914

			African State Building and Colonization 1814-1914 Zulu Dance

			The United States: Beginnings and Rise to World Power 1789-1917 Founding Fathers Abraham Lincoln The Statue of Liberty in New York

			Latin America 1810-1914







			The World Wars and Interwar Period 1914 - 1945 The First World War 1914-1918




			Key Ideas: Ideologies of the 20th Century Democracy Communism Fascism National Socialism

			The Unpopular Democracy: The German Reich 1918-1933 Brigitte Helm in Metropolis

			Under the Swastika: Nazi Germany 1933-1939 Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun Public Book Burning Kristallnacht The 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin Film Stars of the Third Reich

			Austria: From Habsburg Empire to German "Ostmark" 1918-1945

			Switzerland: Island of Stability 1914-1945

			France: Insecurity and Occupation 1918-1945 Munich agreement Charles de Gaulle

			Britain between the World Wars 1919-1939 Sir Winston Churchill Munich agreement

			Ireland: Division and Independence 1914-1949

			Belgium and the Netherlands 1914-1945 Atrocity Propaganda

			Italy under Fascism 1919-1945 Benito Mussolini and Clara Pettaci

			Spain and Portugal 1914-1945 Spanish Civil War Federico Garcia Lorca and Salvador Dali Robert Capa "Spanish Loyalist" War, Art and "Guernica"

			Scandinavia and the Baltic 1917-1944

			Poland 1914-1939 Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact Katyn Massacre

			Hungary and Czechoslovakia 1914-1945 Munich agreement

			The Soviet Union 1917-1939 The last Russian emperor Nicholas II Leon Trotsky Red Terror Vladimir Lenin The Great Famine-Genocide in Soviet Ukraine (Holodomor) German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact Great Purge Great Purge and Intelligentsia Iosif Stalin Soviet Nonconformist Art

			Southeast Europe between the Wars 1914-1945

			The Decline and Fall of the Ottoman Empire 1914-1945

			The Reorganization of Arabia 1918-1945 Palestine: A Religio-Political Conflict Is Born Lawrence of Arabia

			Iran and Afghanistan: Battle for Independence CA.1900-1945

			India's Path to Independence UNTIL 1947

			China between Empire and Communism 1911-1949

			Imperial Japan and Southeast Asia 1914-1945 Atomic Attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Manhattan Project

			The British Commonwealth: Emancipation of the British Colonies 1914-1945

			Africa under Colonial Rule THROUGH 1939

			Ethiopia and Egypt: Between Subjugation and Independence UNTIL 1945

			Euphoria and Depression: The US between 1917-1945 Hollywood Jazz Age Franklin Delano Roosevelt Manhattan Project

			Latin America 1914-1945

			In Focus: World War II

			The Second World War 1939-1945

			The Holocaust of European Jewry (1933-1945) German Instrument of Surrender Nuremberg Trials The Trial of Adolf Eichmann







			The Contemporary World 1945 to the present Trends in World Politics United Nations The Path to European Unity
			Germany SINCE 1945 United Nations member states-Germany

			Austria SINCE 1945 United Nations member states-Austria

			Switzerland SINCE 1945 United Nations member states-Switzerland

			Great Britain: From Commonwealth to European Union SINCE 1945 United Nations member states-United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

			Ireland SINCE 1945 United Nations member states-Ireland

			France SINCE 1945 United Nations member states-France

			Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembour SINCE 1945 United Nations member states-Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein

			Italy SINCE 1945 United Nations member states-ItalyAndorra, Malta, Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City

			Spain: From Military Dictatorship to Constitutional Monarchy SINCE 1945 United Nations member states-Spain

			Portugal SINCE 1945 United Nations member states-Portugal

			Northern Europe SINCE 1945 Christian X King of Denmark - Legend and trivia United Nations member states-Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Iceland

			Eastern and Central Europe SINCE 1945 Hungarian Revolution of 1956 Prague Spring, 1968 United Nations member states-Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania

			Yugoslavia SINCE 1945 United Nations member states-Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia

			Greece and Turkey SINCE 1945 United Nations member states-Greece, Turkey, Cyprus

			The Soviet Union and Its Successor States SINCE 1945 GULAG Soviet dissidents The Chernobyl disaster United Nations member states-Russian Federation, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan

			Northwest Africa SINCE 1945 United Nations member states-Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria

			Key Ideas: Zionism

			Israel SINCE 1948 1948: the War of Independence 1967: the Six-Day War 1973: Yom Kippur War Chagall in Israel United Nations member states-Israel

			The Arab World and the Near East SINCE 1945 United Nations member states-Jordan, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan

			Pakistan and India SINCE 1947 United Nations member states-Pakistan , Bangladesh, India, Bhutan, Nepal

			Southeast Asia SINCE 1945 United Nations member states-Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei Darussalam, Maldives Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Viet Nam

			China, Japan and Korea SINCE 1945 United Nations member states-China, Japan, Republic of Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolia

			Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania SINCE 1945 United Nations member states-Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu

			Africa since the Independence of Its Nations SINCE 1945 United Nations member states- Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar , Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

			Canada SINCE 1945 United Nations member states-Canada

			The United States: Global Power SINCE 1945 "American way of life" John F. Kennedy assassination Clinton-Lewinsky scandal The September 11 attacks United Nations member states-United States of America

			Latin America SINCE 1945 Evita United Nations member states- NORTH AMERICA Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti , Honduras, Jamaica , Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago SOUTH AMERICA Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela

			Key Ideas: Globalization 20th century events Internet

			In Focus: The sexual revolution Feminism Industrial Revolution Psychoanalysis Free love Hippie Nudity

			In Focus: Terrorism








			World Countries. United Nations

			History of Europe

			A Little History of the World E. H. Gombrich. "A Little History of the World" H. G. "A Short History of the World"

			Dictionary of Philosophers

			Library of the History of the World